Analysis—1: This writer provides a limited analysis of the source text. The writer identifies Bogard’s use of touch, feeling essay writing about my best friend, seeing or even our own senses as aspects that build Bogard’s argument. However, the writer is unable to express how Bogard uses these elements specifically. For example, in the first paragraph, the writer claims that One of the senses Bogard uses within his essay is touch, but none of the ensuing discussion relates to touch at all. Instead, the writer merely goes on to summarize that Bogard concludes that many species depend on the darkness. In the third paragraph, the writer sets out to address Bogard’s use of feeling. but again, the analysis is not clearly relevant; nor does the writer clearly explain how the examples cited from Bogard’s text relate to “feeling.” In the fourth paragraph, the writer appropriately identifies Bogard’s use of emotion to build his argument, but the discussion doesn’t extend beyond identification: I think that this topic Bogard uses appeals to emotion to many different religious groups. Giving evidence of a historical artist Van Gogh adds a lot of emotion to this particular essay. The writer seems to have a sense of the form that analysis should take what is comparative analysis essay, but this response demonstrates ineffective analysis overall. This response scored a 4/3/4. Bogard’s third primary defense of natural darkness declares that it is essential to nature. He notes that there are a variety of nocturnal and crepuscular species of birds, fish, mammals, insects, and reptiles worldwide. He gives two specific, well-known examples of these species; these discussed the 400 species of North American birds that migrate at night and the sea turtles that lay their eggs on the shore at night. He also gives a couple of lesser-known examples, involving bats and moths that show the positive actions that some nocturnal animals perform. He then concludes his argument for nocturnal darkness necessary to nature with persuasion, saying that removing natural darkness would essentially destroy an ecology that took billions of years to develop. Here, Bogard uses scientific fact to prove that natural darkness is a key to nature and ecology. Paul Bogard supports the preservation of natural darkness. He uses an argument to support his position that has three primary points—benefit to humans, need for humans and need for nature. As you read the passage below, consider how Paul Bogard uses Analysis—3. The writer demonstrates an understanding of the analytical task by first identifying three ways Bogard builds his argument (Bogard uses a personal story, appeals to people’s emotions, and states benefits of natural darkness ) and then developing each point in turn. In the response’s body paragraphs, the writer moves beyond mere assertions to a competent evaluation of how pieces of evidence, reasoning, or stylistic or persuasive elements contribute to the argument. For example, in the response’s discussion of the personal story Bogard opens with, the writer argues not only that the story allows his audience to connect to him but also explains the importance of such connection (If his audience can relate or even understand his story they will be more willing to agree with him ). The writer also contends that the use of this personal story shows Bogard’s passion and that the imagery included in the story makes the audience picture what he saw and maybe make them want to experience it too. The response could have made a stronger point had the writer elaborated on the potential effects of making the audience want to share Bogard’s experience. Nevertheless, in this example and others like it in the response, the writer exhibits effective analysis of the source text using relevant and sufficient support. Bogard starts his article off by recounting a personal story – a summer spent on a Minnesota lake where there was “woods so dark that [his] hands disappeared before [his] eyes.” In telling this brief anecdote, Bogard challenges the audience to remember a time where they could fully amass themselves in natural darkness void of artificial light. By drawing in his readers with a personal encounter about night darkness, the author means to establish the potential for beauty, glamour, and awe-inspiring mystery that genuine darkness can possess. He builds his argument for the preservation of natural darkness by reminiscing for his readers a first-hand encounter that proves the “irreplaceable value of darkness.” This anecdote provides a baseline of sorts for readers to find credence with the author’s claims. In Bogard’s essay he provides information about technologies that are determining different light fixtures. Comparing how cities and towns across the world are changing thier ways of light is going to be wasted. Yet all over the world, our nights are growing brighter. In the United States and Western Europe, the amount of light in the sky increases an average of about 6% every year. Computer images of the United States at night, based on NASA photographs, show that what was a very dark country as recently as the 1950s is now nearly covered with a blanket of light. Much of this light is wasted energy, which means wasted dollars. Those of us over 35 are perhaps among the last generation to have known truly dark nights. Even the northern lake where I was lucky to spend my summers has seen its darkness diminish. Paul Bogard builds a very persuasive argument to persuade his audience that natural darkness should be preserved. Bogard uses many features such as touch, feeling, seeing or even our own senses. Touching all of these features within Bogard’s essay will make his argument stronger on wheather natural darkness should be preserved. Even though credibility makes many appearences throughout the passage, it would have no real meaning without evoking emotion. Bogard strikes the people who disagree with him when he says, “Our bodies need darkness to produce the hormone melatonin, which keeps certain cancers from developing and our bodies need darkness for sleep. Sleep disorders have been linked to diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease and depression, and recent research suggests one main cause of ‘short sleep’ is ‘long light’.” Bogard’s statement dissolves any doubt, but builds up new feeling. We finally see the true importance of allowing our world to temporarily succumb to darkness. Through the emotion Bogard evokes, we suddenly feel defensive in preserving the darkness for the sake of our mental and physical health. Bogard even makes us think about the future generations: “In a world awash with electric light. how would Van Gogh have given the world his ‘starry night’? Who knows what this vision of the night sky must inspire in each of us writing the main body of an essay, in our children or grandchildren?” This response scored a 2/1/2. This response scored a 3/3/3. Bogard builds an argument to persuade his audience about what he is concering about and feels it important to take care about. His essay talks about so much facts about sleeping how so little can effect us health wise examples like getting sleep disorders, diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease and depression. This facts helps people persuade the audience he also say that the world health organization classifies working night shift is bad. In his argument is not all about how it bad for the body he also claims and have proof that light cost are expensive and really costing people because they have light all night long. He also claims light is messing with mother nature that animals need darkness to feed eat move around because there noctuaral creatures. He has details facts about human body, animals and about mother nature that he can use to support his idea of not using so much light at night and how we need darkness. With these features he can persuade the auidence because people dont know why darkness can be good for us. He was all of facts and examples that he claim is efficting us and there world. The rest of the world depends on darkness as well, including nocturnal and crepuscular species of birds, insects, mammals essay on hard work, fish and reptiles. Some examples are well known—the 400 species of birds that migrate at night in North America, the sea turtles that come ashore to lay their eggs—and some are not, such as the bats that save American farmers billions in pest control and the moths that pollinate 80% of the world’s flora. Ecological light pollution is like the bulldozer of the night, wrecking habitat and disrupting ecosystems several billion years in the making. Simply put examples of topics and thesis statements, without darkness, Earth’s ecology would collapse. Reading—4: This response demonstrates thorough comprehension of Bogard’s text and a clear understanding of the interrelation between the central idea and important details. The writer briefly summarizes Bogard’s central idea (natural darkness should be preserved ) and aptly notes that Bogard’s argument encompasses three main points: that natural darkness is beneficial to humans writing an interview essay, essential to humans abstract and thesis statement, and essential to ecosystems. The writer provides various details from the text that support these points. In the first body paragraph, for example, the writer demonstrates comprehension of how Bogard’s personal example of how he enjoyed seeing meteors dart across the night sky in Minnesota as a child relates to his claim that natural darkness can give enjoyment to onlookers. The writer also sees the connection between darkness as a source of solitude and it inspiring countless numbers of philosophers, artists, and stargazers for millennia. Providing these details highlights the writer’s understanding of Bogard’s claim that natural darkness can benefit humans. The writer continues to demonstrate how details in Bogard’s text relate to each other and to his central idea in the subsequent discussion of how darkness is essential to humans’ health and to nature. Although little is directly quoted from the text, the writer’s thorough paraphrasing of multiple details taken from across the passage indicates that the writer comprehensively understands Bogard’s argument and is able to convey it in his own words. Analysis—4: This response offers an insightful analysis of the source text and demonstrates a sophisticated understanding of the analytical task. In analyzing Bogard’s use of personal anecdote, allusions to art and history, and rhetorical questions. the writer is able to explain carefully and thoroughly how Bogard builds his argument over the course of the passage. For example, the writer offers a possible reason for why Bogard chose to open his argument with a personal anecdote, and is also able to describe the overall effect of that choice on his audience (In telling this brief anecdote, Bogard challenges the audience to remember a time where they could fully amass themselves in natural darkness void of artificial light. By drawing in his readers with a personal encounter. the author means to establish the potential for beauty, glamour, and awe-inspiring mystery that genuine darkness can possess. This anecdote provides a baseline of sorts for readers to find credence with the author’s claims ). The cogent chain of reasoning indicates an understanding of the overall effect of Bogard’s personal narrative both in terms of its function in the passage and how it affects his audience. This type of insightful analysis is evident throughout the response and indicates advanced analytical skill. Writing—3. This essay is mostly cohesive and demonstrates mostly effective control of language. The brief introduction establishes the writer’s central idea and sets up the essay’s three points. The essay then follows a clear, if formulaic, format. In each paragraph, the writer demonstrates a progression of ideas, integrating quotations or examples from the source text into the analysis and connecting ideas logically (Bogard uses pathos by stating examples that appeal to people’s emotions. In the article he wrote “Those of us over 35 are perhaps among the last generation to have known truly dark nights.” This statement appeals more to the younger generations emotion. By stating this. ). Sentence structure is varied help with thesis topic, and some precise phrasing is used to convey ideas (robbed of the oppurtunity. their own personal health ). Language control on the whole is good, although there are a few minor errors (These examples will help his audience see that he is arguing for some benefical for people ) that do not detract materially from the quality of writing. Overall, the response demonstrates proficient writing. In today’s crowded, louder, more fast-paced world, night’s darkness can provide solitude, quiet and stillness, qualities increasingly in short supply. Every religious tradition has considered darkness invaluable for a soulful life how do i write book report, and the chance to witness the universe has inspired artists, philosophers and everyday stargazers since time began. In a world awash with electric light. how would Van Gogh have given the world his “Starry Night”? Who knows what this vision of the night sky might inspire in each of us, in our children or grandchildren? Analysis—1: The response demonstrates no understanding of the analytical task. The writer does not attempt to analyze Bogard’s use of evidence, reasoning, or stylistic or persuasive elements. Instead, the writer merely cites two sentences from the passage, and offers a brief restatement of each point. Overall academic writing research paper sample, this paper demonstrates inadequate analysis. Paul Bogard, a respected and passionate writer, offers a convincing argument on the importance of allowing more darkness to fill the earth for distinct health and ecological reasons. With light providing as such a huge factor in daily life, we sometimes forget that darkness can have more healing abilities, and allows nature to return to a nonartificial, primitive state. Bogard uses personal observation for credibility example of a dissertation proposal for research, stirring feelings, and startling facts to deliver a powerful argument. Reading—2. This response demonstrates some understanding of the source text. The writer captures Bogard’s central claim by repeating the prompt’s summary statement about the importance of preserving natural darkness and conveys understanding of a few details from the text: many species depend on darkness. our bodies need darkness to produce many different hormones. different religious traditions vaule darkness. and cities and towns across the world are changing thier ways of light. However, whenever the writer moves beyond phrasings taken directly from the passage and attempts to summarize a point Bogard has made, the interpretation is often unclear or inaccurate (Darkness tends to evolve all over the world for a variety of things ; In Bogard’s essay he provides information about technologies that are determining different light fixtures ). Overall, this essay demonstrates only partial comprehension of Bogard’s argument. Writing—1. This response demonstrates little cohesion and inadequate skill in the use and control of language. From the outset, problems with language control impede the writer’s ability to establish a clear central claim (Bogard builds an argument to persuade his audience about what he is concering about and feels it important to take care about ). The response also lacks a recognizable introduction and conclusion, and sentences are strung together without a clear progression of ideas (for much of the response, the writer merely lists claims Bogard makes). The response also lacks variety in sentence structures, in part because of repetitive transitions. (For example, he also claims is used two sentences in a row in this brief response). Weak control of the conventions of standard written English, coupled with vague word choice, undermine the quality of writing. Overall, this response has demonstrated inadequate writing skill. Analysis—1: The response offers ineffective analysis of Bogard’s text and demonstrates little understanding of the analytical task. Although clearly comprehending the entirety of Bogard’s argument, the writer does not communicate how Bogard builds his argument with evidence, reasoning, or stylistic or persuasive elements, nor does the writer communicate what effect Bogard’s argumentation has on his audience. Instead of providing effective analysis, the writer only identifies argumentative elements in Bogard’s text, such as the appealing allusion Bogard offers regarding Van Gogh’s Starry Night or the scientific evidence Bogard uses to support his belief in the preservation of natural darkness. The writer instead consistently lapses into summary. Overall, the response demonstrates inadequate analysis. Writing—4: The writer demonstrates highly effective use and command of language in this cohesive response. The response includes a precise central claim (Bogard uses personal observation for credibility, stirring feelings, and startling facts to deliver a powerful argument ), and each of the subsequent paragraphs remains focused on one of the topics set forth in that central claim. There is a deliberate progression of ideas both within paragraphs and throughout the response. Moreover, the response demonstrates precise word choice and sophisticated turns of phrase (temporarily succumb to darkness. remains nostalgic about his childhood. dissolves any doubt ). The concluding paragraph develops the essay rather than just restating what has been said and is also successful for its precise word choice and complex sentence structures (We must see the strength and beauty in the darkness, and remember how our world survived without lights. Light can be acceptable, but too much of it can prove worse than permanent darkness ). Although there are occasional missteps where the writer overreaches with language (In order to achieve proper credibility and stir emotion, undeniable facts must reside in the passage ), overall, this response demonstrates advanced writing skill.
The essay gives you an opportunity to show how effectively you can read and comprehend a passage and write an essay analyzing the passage. In your essay, you should demonstrate that you have read the passage carefully, present a clear and logical analysis, and use language precisely. N. Warburton, Thinking From A to Z (Routledge 2000) ISBN 0415222818 Sample essay questions and suggested reading
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